San josé State University: www.applet-magic.com/samplemin.htm it can be read: ******** If p(x) is the probability density function for a random variable x, let P(x) be the cumulative probability function; i.e., P(x) = Intg(-infinity, x).p(z)dz The probability that the minimum of a sample of size n is x is given by Prob.(min size n sample) = n[1- P(x)]^(n-1) * p(x) ********************************************* My comment Suppose, for example, Uniform [0, 1] Distribution, P(x) = x, p(x) =1 Prob.(min size n sample) = 21[1- x]^20 * 1 If x=0.05 then results 7.528, This is, no doubt, a remarkable thing (!!!). The Applet is so magic that it not available yet. Please, remove it! The writer did intend to say: ____Prob (min <=x) = 1- (1-F(x))^n ____1- (1-0.05)^21=0.659438______ Simulation (data 8E6 items) gave 0.660, 0.660. Prob (absolute deviation > 0.0005 | N=8E6) <= 2*EXP(-2*8E6*0.25*1E-6) = 2*EXP(-4) = 0.037= 3.7% (According to Dvorestky - Kiefer - Wolfowitz inequality, states). REM "ckontas" CLS DEFDBL A-Z DIM x(22) INPUT " x= "; x0 p = 1 - (1 - x0) ^ 21 PRINT USING "#.### "; p all = 8000000 RANDOMIZE TIMER FOR j = 1 TO all LOCATE 4, 4: PRINT USING "########"; all - j minor = 8 FOR i = 1 TO 21 x = RND IF x < minor THEN minor = x NEXT i IF minor > x0 THEN GOTO 10 okk = okk + 1 10 NEXT j: LOCATE 10, 10 PRINT USING "#.### "; okk / all END